Picrorhiza
Picrorhiza is a plant that grows in the mountains of the Himalayas. The root and root stem of this plant are used as medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic medicine. Excessive harvesting has almost wiped out this plant.
Picrorhiza is used for jaundice, liver infections such as acute viral hepatitis caused by viruses, fever, allergies and asthma. Picrorhiza is also used to treat skin conditions including eczema and white spot disease. Some people use picrorhiza for digestive problems including upset stomach, constipation and persistent diarrhea. Other uses include the treatment of scorpion stings, epilepsy, malaria and rheumatoid arthritis.
How does Picrorhiza work?
More information is needed to make a statement about how Picrorhiza might work. Picrorhiza contains chemicals that could stimulate the immune system, kill cancer cells and reduce inflammation.
How effective is Picrorhiza?
Picrorhiza may be effective for treating white spot disease, a condition that leads to the development of white patches on the skin. Taking picrorhiza orally for up to a year, in combination with a conventional drug called methoxalene, appears to help treat white spot disease in adults and children. Picrorhiza may be ineffective for the treatment of asthma. Taking picrorhiza orally for up to 12 weeks does not appear to improve asthma symptoms or lung function. There is insufficient scientific data to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of Picrorhiza for sudden viral liver infections such as acute viral hepatitis or rheumatoid arthritis. Further scientific studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of Picrorhiza in these applications.
Safety and side effects
Picrorhiza appears to be safe and harmless for most people when taken for up to one year. However, Picrorhiza may cause vomiting, skin rashes, anorexia, diarrhea and itching.
Precautions and warnings
Pregnancy and lactation: Not enough is known about the use of picrorhiza during pregnancy and lactation. For this reason, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid picrorhiza.
"Autoimmune diseases" such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis or others: Picrorhiza could cause the immune system to become more active and this could exacerbate the symptoms of autoimmune diseases. For this reason, it is best to avoid picrorhiza if you suffer from any of these diseases.
Interactions
Care should be taken when combining Picrorhiza with the following medications:
Drugs that reduce the function of the immune system Picrorhiza could improve the function of the immune system. By improving the function of the immune system, Picrorhiza may reduce the effectiveness of drugs that reduce the function of the immune system.
Dosage
The following dosages have been investigated in scientific studies:
Oral:
- For the treatment of white spot disease: 200 mg of Picrorhiza root stem powder was taken twice daily in combination with the drug Methoxalen, which is taken orally and applied to the affected areas of skin.
References
- 't Hart BA, Simons JM, Knaan-Shanzer S, et al. Antiarthritic activity of the newly developed neutrophil oxidative burst antagonist apocynin. Free Radic Biol Med 1990;9:127-31.
- Ansari RA, Tripathi SC, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN. Antihepatotoxic properties of picroliv: an active fraction from rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurrooa. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;34:61-8.
- Baruah CC, Gupta PP, Nath A, et al. Anti-allergic and anti-anaphylactic activity of picroliv--a standardized iridoid glycoside fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa. Pharmacol Res 1998;38:487-92.
- Bedi KL, Zutshi U, Chopra CL, Amla V. Picrorhiza kurroa, an ayurvedic herb, may potentiate photochemotherapy in vitiligo. J Ethnopharmacol 1989;27:347-52.
- Chander R, Kapoor NK, Dhawan BN. Picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurrooa are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;44:180-3.
- Chander R, Singh K, Visen PK, et al. Picroliv prevents oxidation in serum lipoprotein lipids of Mastomys coucha infected with Plasmodium berghei. Indian J Exp Biol 1998;36:371-4.
- Dorsch W, Stuppner H, Wagner H, et al. Antiasthmatic effects of Picrorhiza kurroa: androsin prevents allergen- and PAF-induced bronchial obstruction in guinea pigs. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1991;95:128-33.
- Doshi VB, Shetye VM, Mahashur AA, Kamat SR. Picrorrhiza kurroa in bronchial asthma. J Postgrad Med 1983;29:89-95.
- Dwivedi Y, Rastogi R, Garg NK, Dhawan BN. Effects of picroliv, the active principle of Picrorhiza kurroa, on biochemical changes in rat liver poisoned by Amanita phalloides. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1992;13:197-200.
- Jia Q, Hong MF, Minter D. Pikuroside: a novel iridoid from Picrorhiza kurroa. J Nat Prod 1999;62:901-3.
- Mittal N, Gupta N, Saksena S, et al. Protective effect of Picroliv from Picrorhiza kurroa against Leishmania donovani infections in Mesocricetus auratus. Life Sci 1998;63:1823-34.
- Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan R. Inhibition of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by Picroliv. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2000;19:459-65.
- Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan R. Protective effect of Picroliv, the active constituent of Picrorhiza kurroa, against chemical carcinogenesis in mice. Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 2001;21:303-13.
- Rastogi R, Srivastava AK, Rastogi AK. Long term effect of aflatoxin B(1) on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney: effect of picroliv and silymarin. Phytother Res 2001;15:307-10.
- Saraswat B, Visen PK, Patnaik GK, Dhawan BN. Ex vivo and in vivo investigations of picroliv from Picrorhiza kurroa in an alcohol intoxication model in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:263-9.
- Sharma ML, Rao CS, Duda PL. Immunostimulatory activity of Picrorhiza kurroa leaf extract. J Ethnopharmacol 1994;41:185-92.
- Vaidya AB, Antarkar DS, Doshi JC, et al. Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutaki) Royle ex Benth as a hepatoprotective agent--experimental & clinical studies. J Postgrad Med 1996;42:105-8.
- Van den Worm E, Beukelman CJ, Van den Berg AJ, et al. Effects of methoxylation of apocynin and analogs on the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production by stimulated human neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2001;433:225-30.