Nutrition

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in combination with resistance training
thumb

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in combination with resistance training

This article is a summary of an interesting study published some time ago that examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in conjunction with resistance training on the human body. This study is interesting because despite the fact that CLA has been used by countless bodybuilders and fitness athletes for over a decade, there have only been 2 studies looking at the interaction of CLA and training.

What is conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)?

Before we get to the actual study, here is a brief summary of conjugated linoleic acid to help bring all readers up to the same level of knowledge.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a supplement designed to increase metabolic rate and fat utilization, and through the combination of these two effects, should result in weight loss. CLA is naturally found primarily in dairy products - but not in low-fat dairy products - and meat, particularly beef and lamb. The typical dietary intake is between 150 and 200 mg of CLA per day, while the usual dosage when using a CLA supplement is 3 to 5 grams per day, which is 20 to 40 times higher than the normal dietary intake.

Although CLA is a popular fat loss product, there is only a limited amount of scientific research to support its use. About half of these studies show that CLA can effectively support fat loss, while the other half show the opposite. If you are a rat, a cow or a pig, then CLA is likely to be quite effective for fat loss, while studies conducted with humans have not been particularly promising.

In this context, it should perhaps be mentioned that there are different forms of CLA, known as isomers, which have the same chemical formula but different structures. It could be that different isomers of CLA have different effects and could therefore produce different results.

The following study, published in the February 2006 issue of the Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Journal, examined the effects of CLA supplementation in conjunction with resistance training. The interesting thing about this study is that it was conducted with human subjects and therefore the question of whether the results are transferable to humans does not arise, as is the case with animal studies.

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training

Craig Pinkoski, et al, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, issue 38 (2), pages 339-348, 2006

The largest previous human study lasted 1 year and showed that CLA supplementation over this period reduced body fat mass in overweight subjects while slightly increasing lean body mass. Two other studies combined CLA with training and one of these studies showed that CLA was effective in reducing body fat, while the other found no changes in body composition.

So basically, we don't know anything about training and CLA. Furthermore, it's important to point out that the type of training in the two studies wasn't even specified, meaning it could have been anything from powerlifting to ballet.

Basically, this fact cries out for well-designed studies to be conducted to determine the true effects of CLA in combination with an exercise program. And that was exactly the purpose of this study - to determine the effects of CLA supplementation during a resistance training program.

The authors hypothesized that CLA, when combined with resistance training, would increase lean body mass and strength gains, reduce fat mass, increase resting metabolic rate, increase fat oxidation, and reduce urinary markers of muscle and bone loss compared to resistance training without CLA.

The subjects

This placebo-controlled, double-blind study involved 85 healthy men and women aged 18 to 45 years. All subjects were physically active at the time of the study, which is important as novice exercisers tend to achieve faster and greater results at the start of exercise.

The study lasted for a period of 7 weeks and included a periodized resistance training program that all subjects followed. The following variables were taken into account when evaluating the study:

  • Body weight
  • Body fat percentage
  • Fat-free body mass
  • Fat mass
  • Strength
  • Maximum torque during leg extension
  • Muscle thickness
  • Metabolic rate at rest
  • Respiratory exchange ratio
  • And some more...

In this article, only the variables that are important for this review of the study are considered.

The training program

The resistance training program consisted of 12 exercises chosen to work all major muscle groups. For each exercise, 3 to 4 sets of 4 to 10 repetitions were performed three times a week with approximately 75 to 90% of the maximum weight for one repetition (1RM weight). Basically, this was a fairly intensive training program.

To measure body composition, the scientists used a measuring device known as the Body Pod, which is more reliable than most other methods of determining body composition.

Maximum strength was determined using bench presses and squats.

After the actual study was completed, another study was conducted with a subset of the original 85 study participants. This follow-up study was a crossover study, meaning that the subjects switched groups after a break to ensure that all CLA had left the body. Subjects who were previously in the CLA group switched to the placebo group and subjects from the placebo group switched to the CLA group.

Results

A significant increase in lean body mass was observed in all male subjects, while no corresponding change was observed in women. However, no differences in total body mass were observed between the CLA and placebo groups over the course of the study.

However, there was a greater increase in lean body mass and a greater reduction in fat mass and body fat percentage in the CLA group compared to the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the CLA group and the placebo group in terms of average changes in body strength.

During the seven-week follow-up study, an increase in body mass, fat mass and body fat percentage was observed in the subjects in the placebo group, while no such increases were observed in the subjects in the CLA group.

It should also be mentioned at this point that there were no differences between the CLA group and the placebo group in terms of observed side effects, which is an indicator that CLA does not appear to have any significant side effects.

Conclusions

The main results of the seven-week study were that a significant increase in lean body mass and a reduction in body fat mass was observed in the CLA group. The authors noted that these changes, although significant, were relatively small in absolute terms, which calls into question their clinical relevance.

Nevertheless, the results are very interesting as this study is one of the few human studies to look at the relationship between CLA and resistance training. Longer studies are urgently needed to see if the trend seen in short studies is maintained over a longer period of time.

http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/mohr119.htm

Continue reading
thumb

Basic supplement stacks for different goals and target groups

With the plethora of supplements currently available on the market, it is not always easy to find the right combination for the desired goal. The possible combinations of different supplements are practically endless and as long as two supplements do not interfere with each other's effects, it is in principle possible to combine them and achieve positive results.

This article provides a brief overview of possible basic supplement stacks for different training goals and different groups of exercisers. Basic in this context means that these supplement stacks focus on proven basic supplements that offer the most value for money for the respective goal. Products whose effects have not been clearly proven have been deliberately avoided, which of course does not mean that supplements not used in these stacks are ineffective or bad. Rather, the aim is to achieve the best possible results with the lowest possible budget. If money only plays a subordinate role, there are of course many other possible supplements that can be used to further optimize the effectiveness of the stacks presented.

The stacks presented are general examples that will work well for the majority of users. These stacks are not set in stone and there is absolutely nothing to stop you adapting them to your individual needs. Of course, you should always keep in mind that these stacks only work if training and nutrition are right and the body is given enough rest for recovery and regeneration. Ultimately, supplements, also known as dietary supplements, are exactly what their name implies: they are supplements that complement an already good training plan and a good nutrition plan, making them more effective. Mistakes in training and nutrition cannot be compensated for by supplements, or only to a small extent. But enough of an introduction. Here are the promised supplement stacks:

The beginner stack

For beginners, these are all the supplements they will need to make extreme gains. The mere fact of starting to train with weights will stimulate amazing muscle growth and if you make the effort to study the basics of training and proper nutrition, the supplements listed will limit the possible mistakes. These supplements provide a solid foundation for building a muscular body.

A multivitamin-multimineral supplement provides a solid base and prevents deficiencies in one or more of these essential nutrients. For this reason, it makes sense to use a multivitamin-multimineral supplement all year round. This should be taken with a meal - preferably breakfast - as vitamins and minerals are better absorbed by the body when combined with food.

Although Dessicated Liver (pressed, dried beef liver) tablets - one of the standard supplements from the golden age of bodybuilding - have been somewhat forgotten, they are an excellent source of natural vitamins (especially B vitamins), iron, calcium, phosphorus and amino acids. The unit of measurement for Dessicated Liver is grains. Beginners should consume 120 grains (usually 4 tablets) in the morning and another 120 grains with dinner to maintain an anabolic environment.

A weight gainer is an excellent way of supplying the body with important protein and carbohydrates for muscle building in a simple and convenient way. In particular, weight gainers will help trainers who find it difficult to get enough calories and nutrients from their normal diet to compensate for nutritional deficiencies. Weight gainers can either be consumed in addition to meals or can replace meals if it is not possible to eat a meal rich in protein and carbohydrates every 2 to 3 hours. Consumed after exercise, weight gainers will help provide the body with what it needs to recover and replenish energy stores. Exercisers who are already overweight or easily gain fat should avoid weight gainers and instead use a good whey protein to ensure adequate protein intake for optimal muscle building.

Taking 1000 mg of vitamin C after training will keep energy levels high, boost the immune system and, together with other nutrients, produce anabolic effects.

The stack limited to the absolute essentials

  • Multivitamin- Multimineral preparation
  • B-vitamin complex

This is a stack for exercisers with a very limited budget, such as students, who cannot afford expensive food, let alone supplements, but still want to build muscle. These exercisers often limit themselves to low-cost foods and cheap protein sources such as low-fat quark, eggs and the occasional meat to provide them with the macronutrients they need to build muscle. Such a diet is often not particularly varied or balanced. In this situation, a multivitamin and multimineral supplement can ensure an adequate supply of the required micronutrients and prevent deficiency symptoms. It should be taken with a meal - preferably with breakfast - as vitamins and minerals are better absorbed by the body in combination with food.

A high-dose B vitamin complex, ideally taken with a meal other than the multivitamin and multimineral supplement, will optimize the use of carbohydrates, protein and fat, the use of oxygen and the production of amino acids, as the body has a greater need for certain vitamins of the vitamin B complex when protein intake is increased and for muscle building.

If the diet already ensures a sufficient supply of vitamins and minerals, this stack can also be reduced to the vitamin B complex, which ensures that you can get the maximum out of your diet.

The Power Stack

This is a stack specifically designed for strength athletes such as powerlifters and bodybuilders who are looking to increase their strength and be able to move heavier weights. The supplements used are aimed directly at increasing the strength available during training.

The ZMA supplement is taken on an empty stomach about 30 minutes before going to bed. The increased testosterone levels caused by the ZMA overnight and the high zinc and magnesium levels provide a solid basis for more strength.

When taking creatine, a loading phase is not necessary and you start directly with two doses of 5 grams of creatine per day. The first dose is taken in the morning and about 20 to 30 minutes after taking it you should drink some juice to increase insulin levels, which promote the transport of creatine into the muscles. The other 5 grams of creatine and 1000 mg of vitamin C are taken about an hour before training. This will increase energy and strength during training. You will feel stronger, tire more slowly and be able to move heavier weights.

During training, you should drink a training drink that preferably contains a high-glycemic carbohydrate source such as maltodextrin, Vitargo or dextrose. The carbohydrates contained in this drink help to replenish glycogen stores during training and thus enable longer and harder training sessions as well as the movement of heavier weights.

The weight gainer ensures a sufficient supply of macronutrients. Consuming such a shake twice a day - preferably between meals and immediately after training - ensures that the ultimate anabolic component, known as food, is available throughout the day. This also ensures that the other supplements are used by the body for what they are intended.

The basic mass stack

  • Multivitamin- Multimineral supplement
  • Weight Gainer
  • Vitamin B complex
  • Creatine

This stack is tailored to the average recreational bodybuilder who wants to perform a mass-building phase. The goal is to build as much muscle mass as possible while not gaining more fat than is necessary to achieve this muscle growth.

The multivitamin-multimineral preparation is taken in the morning with breakfast and the vitamin B complex before another large meal, preferably lunch. Taking it later than lunch makes it less effective, as the main purpose of the B vitamins is to enable the body to use the protein consumed more effectively. The weight gainer is used to achieve the 6 to 7 meals required for optimal mass gain. It is particularly important to use the weight gainer directly after training as a post-workout meal.

In the case of creatine, a 5 to 6 day loading phase is initially carried out with this and the following stacks for mass building, during which either 3 portions of 7 grams or 4 to 5 portions of 5 grams of creatine are taken simultaneously throughout the day, whereby one of these portions should be consumed after training. This ensures that the body's creatine stores are filled to the maximum within a short period of time.

Thereafter, 5 grams of creatine twice a day is sufficient to maintain the maximum level of creatine stores. The creatine intake is continued as long as further gains are recorded. After this, you can stop taking creatine for four weeks and then start again.

The difference between creatine intake for maximum strength increase and maximum mass gain is that the second creatine portion of the day is not taken before training, but in combination with the post-workout shake after training. The reason for this is that creatine is used less to improve short-term energy release and more to promote regeneration, increase fluid absorption into the muscles and restore energy reserves.

The mass stack for advanced users

  • Multivitamin-multimineral preparation
  • Weight Gainer
  • Vitamin B complex
  • Creatine
  • Dessicated Liver
  • Vitamin C
  • ZMA

This is a mass stack for dedicated bodybuilders who don't mind investing extra money for additional gains. Although at first glance this stack may seem to contain quite a large amount of supplements, it is actually quite cost effective and all of its ingredients have numerous synergistic effects. Basically, it is the basic mass stack described above with the addition of vitamin C, ZMA and Dessicated Liver. These additional, relatively inexpensive supplements can save money spent on food by reducing the need for fruit and vegetables. This allows you to eat more calorie-dense foods that enable further gains. This stack is actually all you need for amazing gains in muscle mass.

For this stack you take the instructions for the basic mass stack 1 to 1 and add 1000 mg of vitamin C to the post-workout shake, take ZMA on an empty stomach 45 minutes before going to bed and drink your last shake 15 minutes before going to bed. The Dessicated Liver tablets should be taken three times a day, evenly distributed throughout the day - e.g. with breakfast, lunch and dinner, with each portion containing around 120 grains.

The ultimate mass stack

  • Multivitamin-multimineral preparation
  • Weight Gainer
  • Vitamin B complex
  • Creatine
  • Dessicated Liver
  • Vitamin C
  • ZMA
  • Optional: testosterone booster or prohormones

This stack is for advanced bodybuilders who have already built up quite a bit of muscle mass and are not afraid to invest additional money and accept manipulation of the body's own hormone balance. While most testosterone boosters are generally more or less harmless to health, the use of prohormones or hormonal supplements, if these are still available at all, represents a significant intervention in the body's hormonal balance and can also have some side effects. In addition, you need to be well versed in optimal nutrition and training in order to get the most out of the effects of these special supplements.

In this stack, the multivitamin-multimineral supplement is taken in the morning with breakfast and the vitamin B complex with lunch. Vitamin C is taken 500 mg in the morning with breakfast and a further 1000 mg with the post-workout shake. As far as creatine intake is concerned, as already described, load up with 3 x 7g or 4 to 5 x 5 grams of creatine for 5 days, followed by 5 grams after training during the rest of the cycle.

In addition to 4 solid high-calorie meals, 3 to 4 weight gainer shakes per day are consumed after training, before going to bed, between breakfast and lunch and in the afternoon. A portion of 150 to 180 grains of the Dessicated Liver tablets is taken with breakfast, lunch and dinner.

You start taking ZMA 45 minutes before going to bed during the last three days of the testosterone booster or prohormone intake cycle and continue taking it for a further 2 to 3 weeks after stopping the testosterone booster or prohormones in order to restore the body's own testosterone production to its full potential - which is more common with prohormones but rather rare with testosterone boosters.

The stack for overweight people

Many bodybuilders build up mass first, then try to firm up and "sculpt" this new mass and then diet to achieve good definition. However, for those who are very overweight, it is usually better to achieve a moderate body fat percentage in the region of 15% before starting to build mass and the associated high calorie and nutrient intake. Carrying around too much weight will affect energy and endurance. With the help of the following stack, overweight people can achieve just that. This stack, combined with the right diet, can help you lose large amounts of excess fat.

The diet should consist of a maximum of three solid meals and two protein shakes, with a reduced intake of carbohydrates. The rule of thumb for maximum calorie intake is 22 calories per kilogram of fat-free body mass or less. As individual calorie requirements can vary greatly, this is of course only a guideline that needs to be adjusted up or down depending on the weight loss achieved.

In the morning, at lunchtime and in the evening, you eat a meal of solid food and supplement these meals with a protein shake containing 30 grams of whey protein or casein in the late morning and afternoon. With one of the main meals, preferably breakfast, you should take a multivitamin-multimineral supplement to prevent a possible micronutrient deficiency resulting from the restricted calorie intake.

A good fat burner can be helpful to support the metabolism and reduce hunger. In addition, you can take chitosan with fatty meals, which can bind some of the dietary fats so that they are excreted undigested.

The fat loss stack for the beach body

  • Multivitamin - multimineral preparation
  • fat burner
  • Glutamine

When summer comes around, most recreational bodybuilders try to lose some excess fat to cut a good figure on the beach or at the outdoor pool and impress the girls. The following stack is specifically tailored to this target group.

As with any diet, the most important thing with this stack is of course the right diet and a sufficiently large calorie deficit. The calorie intake should be kept below 22 kcal per kilogram of body weight and adjusted as necessary depending on the progress of the diet. To achieve this, the carbohydrate intake should primarily be reduced, while an adequate protein intake and a sufficient supply of healthy fats should be maintained.

A good fat burner can help to increase the metabolic rate and calorie consumption while suppressing the appetite. Once carbohydrate intake begins to fall short of protein intake, it's time to supplement with glutamine to prevent the body from eating muscle protein, which would result in muscle loss. To protect hard-earned muscle mass from breakdown during the diet, 3 to 4 servings of 5 grams of glutamine should be consumed daily between meals, spread evenly throughout the day.

Fat loss stack for competition preparation

  • Multivitamin-multimineral preparation
  • Vitamin B complex
  • fat burner
  • Whey protein
  • Glutamine
  • HMB
  • Chromium Picolinate
  • creatine

This is a stack for all those who want to achieve extreme definition as quickly as possible and are not afraid of additional costs. This stack is intended for competitive bodybuilders, for example, who want to become as defined as possible and as bulky as possible at the same time. Since such a diet can take a little longer and a lot of supplements are used, such a stack is of course not cheap.

As with the other stacks, the multivitamin-multimineral supplement should be taken with breakfast and the vitamin B complex with lunch. Chromium picolinate is taken twice a day - preferably 30 minutes before lunch and 30 minutes before dinner - in a dosage of 400 to 800 mg. It should be noted that chromium picolinate only has an effect if there is a deficiency of this trace element, as the body will only absorb what it needs, regardless of the amount taken.

As far as the fat burner is concerned, it is best to stick to the manufacturer's recommended intake. General recommendations are not possible due to the countless fat burners available with a wide variety of ingredients and ingredient dosages.

You should consume 2 solid meals and 3 protein shakes per day as a meal replacement, as well as an additional protein shake after training. As soon as your carbohydrate intake falls below your protein intake, you should take 5 grams of glutamine four times a day between meals or with a wheyshake to prevent muscle breakdown.

You should take 2 grams of HMB three times a day, evenly distributed throughout the day. If the diet lasts longer than 8 weeks and the cost of HMB seems too high, HMB supplementation can also be limited to the last 8 weeks of the diet.

To look particularly muscular on the day of the competition, you can start a creatine loading phase 4 days before the competition in combination with low-glycemic carbohydrates. However, you should definitely avoid starting too early with the carbohydrates, as this would affect your competition form. A little extra potassium can do no harm during these last few days.

Continue reading
Low-fat mass building
thumb

Build muscle mass without putting on unwanted fat

This article will help you determine your daily calorie needs and provide a sample nutrition plan.

The process of building muscle is not just about sets, reps, consistency and progressive overload. To build lean muscle mass, you also need a mass-building diet that lives up to its name. Moving the weights without moving the fork is like running uphill in the mud. You may get to the top eventually, but it will take a hell of a long time.

You will often hear the following mantras: Nutrition is 90% (or 80% or 70%). These statements understate the importance of proper training. The truth is that both nutrition and training are important. These are not two variables that add up to 100%.

Training is 100%. Nutrition is 100%. When both of these essential factors are optimized, you will maximize your progress. If your training is 100% optimized, but your nutrition is only 50% - or vice versa - then you are wasting valuable time.

This article assumes that you know how to train properly. We will therefore only focus on the nutritional side of things.

Do you need a mass building diet to build muscle?

Each of us needs a certain amount of calories to maintain our current weight. This amount is called the maintenance calorie intake. In bodybuilding culture, a diet with a calorie intake above the maintenance calorie level is called a mass-building diet.

By providing your body with a surplus of raw materials, you are able to...

  • Help your body to better repair damage to muscle tissue that occurs during exercise.
  • Put the body into a more anabolic state. A state in which calories are not supplied as strictly rationed portions for the maintenance of important physiological functions and in which the body can use vital resources more freely to meet the increased demands of your resistance training.

It is an obvious fact that the less you eat, the less of these raw materials the body can use for non-vital processes such as building muscle. The body is too busy supporting its organs and helping you recover from the normal demands of daily life.

During periods of calorie surplus, the body is more willing to build muscle. You gain weight and if you do everything right, most of this will be muscle mass. On the other hand, during periods of reduced calorie intake, this process slows down or stops completely as the human body simply has more important issues to deal with.

The conclusion we draw from this is quite obvious...the more you eat, the greater the chance that you can maximize the muscle building process. But before you start stuffing yourself with all the food you can get your hands on, you should know that there is another factor you should consider during the muscle building process: the physiological limits of muscle building.

In a natural, steroid-free exerciser, the body can only build a certain amount of muscle mass during a given year. Typically, the muscle building curve looks like a half-life curve. During each subsequent year, the amount of potential muscle mass you can build is halved. Here is a typical (in a perfect world) scheme that I use as a guideline:

  • Year 1 - Expect to gain up to 8 kilos of muscle mass.
  • Year2 - Expect to gain up to 4 kilos of muscle mass.
  • Year3 - Expect to gain up to 2 kilos of muscle mass.
  • Year4 - Expect to gain up to 1 kilo of muscle mass.
  • Year5 - Expect to gain up to 0.5 kilos of muscle mass.

It probably goes without saying that if you ignore these guidelines and build weight at a faster rate, more of that weight will be fat. Slow and controlled weight gain is the way to go. Welcome to the world of low-fat muscle building.

Different types of mass building diets

Believe it or not, there are several different methods for gaining mass:

  • Low-fatmass building - A nutrition plan that focuses on building lean muscle mass while minimizing fat gain. Macronutrient intake is usually strictly controlled.
  • "Dirty" mass building - A more aggressive style of mass building that includes a greater amount of calories and likely more processed foods and junk food. Such a mass-building diet rarely involves calorie counting or macronutrient control.
  • IIFYM - IIFYM stands for "If it fits your Macros" and can be used during a mass building phase or a dieting phase. The primary focus is on achieving the desired macronutrient goals, regardless of the foods used to achieve those goals.
  • "Clean bulking" - This variation is not as different from low-fat bulking, but with an even greater emphasis on eating non-processed foods. Clean bulking involves a higher degree of clean eating.

It is beyond the focus of this article to discuss the merits of these methods. My goal with this article was to put together a sample nutrition plan that focuses more on low-fat mass building and clean eating. You are free to modify the sample meals as long as you are hitting your macronutrient goals.

If you don't challenge yourself in the gym, your body will have no reason to work with those extra calories and build more muscle mass.

Determining your calorie needs

The first step in setting up a nutrition plan for low fat mass gain is to calculate your daily maintenance calorie intake. This is the amount of calories you need to maintain your current weight. If you don't know where to start, you can use some of the countless calorie calculators on the internet. These calculators usually require you to enter your weight, height, age, gender and daily activity level and will give you an approximate amount of calories you need to maintain your current weight.

It is important to understand that these calculators can only provide an approximate estimate, which can only be used as a starting point. It will be necessary to make adjustments depending on what your scale says from week to week.

I recommend ignoring weight changes during the first 2 weeks of mass gain. An increase in calorie intake may lead to some additional water retention. This is not an increase in fat and calorie adjustments should not be based on weight changes that occur immediately after a change in diet.

Setting up a nutrition plan for fat-free mass gain

Once you know your daily calorie needs, here are the steps you need to take to create a diet plan for lean muscle gain:

  • Step 1 - Add 300 kcal to your maintenance calorie amount. This will be your starting point.
  • Step2 - Calculate your daily protein requirements based on the table below. You calculate the amount of calories you consume in the form of protein per day by multiplying the calculated amount of protein in grams by 4. So if your protein requirement is 180 grams per day, then you will consume 720 kcal (180 x 4) calories per day in the form of protein.
  • Step 3 - Multiply your calorie intake during the mass building phase by 0.3. This gives you 30% of the calories you will consume in the form of fat calories. You can adjust this value up or down by 5% if you wish.
  • Step 4 - Calculate your carbohydrate intake. To do this, subtract the amount of calories you consume in the form of fat and protein from your total calorie intake. So if you are 180 cm tall and eat 3,000 kcal per day, 900 of these kcal will come from fat (30%) and 800 of these kcal from protein. This leaves 1,300 kcal for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram, which means that 1,300 kcal equals 325 grams of carbohydrates.

Daily amount of protein

Body size

Protein, grams per day

160 cm

160 grams

165 cm

170 grams

170 cm

180 grams

175 cm

190 grams

180 cm

200 grams

185 cm

210 grams

190 cm

220 grams

195 cm

230 grams

200 cm

240 grams

205 cm

250 grams

Note: The amount of protein is based on body size. The taller you are, the more natural muscle mass you have. As a rule of thumb, you can build about one kilo more muscle mass for every centimeter more in height.

Since it is typically recommended that you consume 2 grams of protein per day per kilogram of body weight, I have simply increased my protein intake by 2 grams per centimeter of height.

During periods of calorie surplus, the body is more willing to build muscle. You build weight and if you do everything right, you will mainly build muscle mass.

Is this too much protein?

Some will argue that strength athletes can get by with a little less protein per day. This is a valid discussion. Here are my reasons for increasing your daily protein intake a little:

Nutritional balance

Nutrition is more than just the minimum amount of protein needed per day. If you want to build mass, you will consume more calories than normal. I prefer to keep such a diet more balanced and less carbohydrate-based by slightly increasing protein intake.

Nutrition for your target weight

I believe that protein intake should be based on target lean body mass. Call this speculative if you want, but if you want to reach a lean body mass of 80 kilos but currently only have 70 kilos of lean body mass, I don't think you're best advised to eat only for your existing amount of muscle mass.

Are you striving for the minimum?

Successful individuals rarely wake up every day and ask themselves "what is the minimum I can do today to achieve my goals?" If you want to be a minimalist, you are welcome to be one. For my part, however, I prefer to build in a small buffer zone and eat a little too much protein rather than too little.

Putting together a sample nutrition plan for low-fat mass gain

Let's look at an example before we continue. You are 180 cm tall and need 3000 kcal per day for a low-fat mass gain:

  • Protein - If you look at the table, you will see that you need 200 grams of protein per day. This corresponds to 800 kcal.
  • Fats - By multiplying your daily calorie intake of 3,000 kcal by 30%, you will find that you should consume 900 kcal per day in the form of fat. This corresponds to 100 grams of fat, as fat provides 9 kcal per gram.
  • Carbohydrates - This leaves 1,300 kcal per day in the form of carbohydrates. This corresponds to 325 grams of carbohydrates.

Structuring a diet for low-fat mass gain

Now that we have calculated our daily macronutrient requirements, it is time to structure our diet. How many meals you eat per day is entirely up to you. The most important thing is that you meet your daily calorie and macronutrient requirements.

Some sources will tell you that you only need 1 to 2 meals a day. Some advocates of a more classic bodybuilding style may recommend 7, 8 or even 9 meals a day. It is highly recommended that your meal planning is based on your current eating habits.

  • Nocturnal eaters. If you are a nighttime eater, save more of your calories for the evening.
  • Snackers. If you like to snack and eat more frequently, eat several smaller meals throughout the day.
  • Breakfast hater. Do you hate eating a lot earlier in the day? No problem. Eat small meals until lunchtime and then eat larger meals afterwards.

I've never liked eating a lot before a training session. If I eat too much before training, I feel sluggish and bloated. In addition to this, I like to enjoy a huge meal after a workout. For these reasons, I limit my meals before 5pm to mostly protein and only eat light meals until my workout is over.

It may take some time to find your mass-building structure, but don't get discouraged. Shift meals, calories and macronutrients to what works best for you.

And don't let anyone dissuade you from your path. There are many different views in the bodybuilding world about how you should eat. Nutrition plans should ALWAYS be based on YOUR eating habits - no exceptions.

This article presents you with a 3,000 kcal sample nutrition plan.

Sample nutrition plan for low-fat mass gain with 3,000 kcal

Low fat mass building plan

Meal

Food & Calories

Meal #1 - 7:00

2 cups cooked oatmeal, whey protein shake, fish oil

462 kcal, P/K/F = 34.9/59.1/9.6

Meal #2 - 10:00

1 medium banana, 4 boiled eggs

415 kcal, P/K/F = 26.3/28.6/21.5

Meal #3 - 13:00

2 medium potatoes, 125 grams chicken breast

405 kcal, P/C/F = 32.9/66.4/6.2

Meal #4 - 15:30

Whey protein shake, 30 g almonds, 6 strawberries, 12 grapes

348 kcal, P/K/F = 29.9/24.6/16

Training - 17:00

N/A

Meal #5 - 19:00

200 g minced meat (low fat), 2 cups cooked rice, 120 g Salza, 250 g vegetables of your choice

985 kcal, P/C/F = 57.7/114.7/30.9

Meal #6 - 21:30

Casein protein shake, fish oil, 2 rice crackers, 1.5 tablespoons peanut butter

381 kcal, P/C/F = 28/23.7/15.1

Total calories

2996 kcal, P/C/F = 209.7/317.1/99.3

*P/C/F = protein/carbohydrates/fat

Adjustments

It's important to understand that a starting point for calories is just that - a starting point. You need to check the scale and make adjustments as needed. Here are some general guidelines.

Low fat mass gain week 1-2

Don't panic if you gain a few pounds during this phase. You are increasing your food intake and this weight gain will consist almost entirely of water. Extra food also means extra carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates draw extra water into the body and can easily cause a small but noticeable change on the scale. This water weight has nothing to do with an increase in body fat. This point needs to be emphasized and it is important that you remember this.

Do not make any changes to your calorie intake during this phase. Use the first few weeks to develop a routine.

Low fat mass gain week 3-6

Starting with week 3, it's time to establish a baseline. If you are a training beginner, it is possible that you will gain a little more than one pound of muscle per month during the first year. For this reason, beginners should aim to gain a maximum of 1.5 to 2 pounds of weight per month.

If you gain more than 2 pounds per month, then it's time to make an adjustment. Reduce the amount of calories by 300 kcal per day and continue with this new amount of calories for a month. If you are still gaining weight too quickly during the following month, it is time for a second calorie adjustment.

If, on the other hand, you have gained absolutely no weight during weeks 3 to 6, you need more food. Add 500 kcal to your daily calorie intake and continue with this amount of calories for a month. After these 4 weeks, adjust the amount of calories up or down if necessary.

More advanced exercisers

If you have already built up 4 to 8 kilos of muscle mass, then it is advisable to reduce the amount of weight you gain each month. Slightly more advanced steroid-free exercisers risk building up unwanted body fat if they exceed a weight gain of one pound per month.

More advanced exercisers who are building mass too aggressively are doing more of a fat-building program. Even though this extra food is great for increasing your strength, it won't noticeably increase the rate of muscle gain at this level of experience.

A note on progressive overload

A low-fat mass building program without progressive overload of one kind or another is nothing more than a fat building program. If you are not challenging yourself in the gym, then your body will have no reason to work with those extra calories to build more muscle.

How long should a low-fat mass building phase last?

If a low-fat bulking phase is done correctly, there will not be a large increase in body fat. A first-year exerciser should aim for a muscle gain of 12 to 16 pounds with a maximum fat gain of 6 to 8 pounds. This fat gain can be reduced with a properly executed one-month diet phase.

Beginners should stick with a low-fat mass-building program during their first year of training. They build muscle mass at a rapid rate and there is no reason to slow down this progress.

After the first year of training, it can't hurt to do one of the following:

  • Do a one-month diet phase every 6 to 8 months
  • Alternate between 3 months of mass building and one month of dieting

Both of these methods will help more advanced exercisers build muscle while getting rid of the minimal amount of fat built up during the mass-building phase.

Concluding remarks - a few quotes on the subject of low-fat mass building

"You can't completely avoid fat gain. Building only lean muscle mass is impossible." - Justin Woltering

"Your macronutrient intake is the foundation of the whole process. Everything else depends on it. Frankly, this one fundamental factor will be responsible for probably 90% of your results." - Sean Nalewanyj

"If you want the muscle without the belly, then you need to lower your expectations because finding the right amount of calories that provide the necessary nutrients without a fat buildup can be a challenge - and usually involves some sort of cyclical carbohydrate intake. Even after you find this, you'll only gain a maximum of 1 pound of muscle per month." - Anthony Mychal

"Building muscle mass naturally is a slow and steady process, and the primary driver is performance gains in the gym (getting stronger and putting more weight on the bar). As long as you're eating enough protein and enough calories to support your weight, you're working at around 80% of your muscle-building potential." - Greg Gallagher

"Building quality weight is difficult and in no way a quick process. Be patient, increase the weight on the bar each week and make sure you have a big appetite." - Brandon Morrison

"Sadly, a mass-building approach with unrestrained food intake can result in three to four pounds of fat gain for every pound of new muscle mass built for the average genetically blessed trainee. This is not an acceptable trade-off for any bodybuilder." - Matt Kroczaleski

"Maintaining a low body fat percentage year round (while building muscle) is neither a myth nor rocket science. It's enough to eat clean 90% of the time and train like crazy during every training session." - Simeon Panda

Source: https://www.muscleandstrength.com/articles/lean-bulking-machine

Continue reading
The problem with your stupid diet
thumb

How to solve problems like excessive counting, clean eating and Paleo

Almost all diets will work at first, but the unsatisfying results and neuroticism that follow later will prove significantly more trouble than the whole thing is worth. You need to know when to follow the rules and when it's okay to break them. Here are three examples.

1 - Counting calories and macronutrients

What it's about:

A control of the amount of food you eat by counting calories and macronutrients(protein, carbs and fat).

Why it's not optimal:

Aiming for a quantitative intake of food has its place and justification. I've used and defended it myself before. But doing this to prepare for a competition or to develop a general awareness of your calorie and macronutrient intake is different than trying to stick to a predetermined set of numbers long term.

It's mentally draining and is it really healthy to go through life without being able to add up the calorie value of everything you put in your mouth? After strictly following such plans, women have contacted me about the following problem: an obsessive fear of eating without controlling their macronutrient ratio or calorie intake. This sounds like OCD, which is a mental illness - not something you should try to develop.

It can lead to downplaying food quality. If your meals consist of a chicken breast, 1.5 Oreo cookies, 107 grams of ice cream and exactly fifteen green beans, you may start to lose sight of the big picture.

Your calorie needs fluctuate from day to day. Your energy expenditure is not a fixed value. The amount of calories you use and need is not the same from day to day. And it is quite possible to lose fat if you consume more total calories than the calorie calculator (or a formula) on a website indicates for your maintenance calorie intake.

Also, it's not particularly useful to have to stick to a predetermined number of calories on a day when you've exercised harder than normal or when you have hormonal fluctuations. And losing fat doesn't mean you have to be hungry. As a side note, habitually eating too few calories to maintain a calorie deficit won't exactly have a positive effect on your metabolic rate.

And if you're a person whose workouts are constantly varying and always intense, you'll have even more of a problem. Some days you will need more food and others less, so using a calorie calculator will not be helpful, especially if it requires you to override your appetite.

In addition to exercise, there are many other variables that will affect your energy expenditure and metabolism:

  • The temperature of the room you are in
  • The amount of time you are on your feet
  • How much sex you have
  • The amount of spices in your last meal
  • The duration of a cold shower
  • Recent marijuana use, which could have a thermogenic effect
  • Alcohol consumption, which delays your ability to burn fat

These are just a few variables that affect the amount of calories you burn and therefore need from day to day. So do you really think you'll learn anything about your body's actual needs if you train yourself to eat only by the numbers (instead of paying attention to your energy and appetite)?

In addition to this, the calorie counts themselves are also ambiguous. Even if you consume the same amount of energy every day, the number of calories listed for the food you eat in calorie tables or on the packaging can vary up to 20% up and down. So no matter how carefully you count your calories, the result could be up to 20% above or below the actual calorie count.

You can look at every label, consult all the calorie tables and weigh every bite of food and still the 2000 kcal you come up with could actually be 2400, 1600 or, if you're lucky, somewhere between the two. And yet many people who count calories and macronutrients are often fanatical about getting the numbers perfect.

A calorie is not a calorie and not all carbohydrates are the same. Let's assume that calorie tables and labels are actually accurate. Even in this case, the calories and macronutrients contained in different foods behave differently in the body. The body does not treat all calories the same and it does not treat the same macronutrients in the same way. This is true even if you compare carbohydrates to carbohydrates, proteins to proteins and fats to fats. Resistant starch is an excellent example. Just like beet sugar, resistant starch is a carbohydrate, but the two have a completely different effect on the body, especially when consumed regularly.

Similarly, fat consumed in the form of linolenic acid has a greater and more problematic impact on your waistline and metabolism than other types of fat, even if the calorie intake is the same.

This is why it doesn't make sense to lump macronutrients together in a way as if there is no difference. If you are counting macronutrients and a large portion of your carbohydrates come from foods that contain resistant starch, then you will get different results than if your carbs come primarily from high sugar junk food. No, the results won't necessarily be immediate, but your gut bacteria, your energy, your hormones, your metabolism and your appetite will know the difference... and your long-term results will be affected too.

You should also consider the thermic effect of food when counting calories but not macronutrients. The human body must expend energy to digest food. Digesting protein is the most costly in terms of calories - it costs the body more energy than digesting carbohydrates or fats. The digestion of dietary fats requires the least energy. So are all calories the same? No. Are at least all the same macronutrients the same? No.

How you can do better:

If you've never paid attention to calories or macronutrients, you should. It will show you how to compare foods and estimate calories and nutrients. Those who have never paid attention to this are often shocked when they find out that they are not getting nearly enough protein.

But at some point, you should be able to stop checking and counting and use what you've learned without having to enter everything into an app on your smartphone. Even monitoring your food intake for a few weeks should give you a pretty solid idea of the foods you eat most often. You should also have a rough idea of how much you need to feel good depending on your workouts, recovery needs, time of the month, appetite, etc

If you are doing the whole thing to lose fat, then overriding your hunger to stay below a target will do the exact opposite of what you want. If you do this long enough, you won't know what you're eating without the help of an app. No diet should make you so ignorant of your body's signals.

And remember that when it comes to hard training, consuming maximum amounts of energy requires energy again. So being too pedantic about your calorie deficit can also be counterproductive.

If you think you'll gain weight if you don't control your calories, then perhaps you need to get to the bottom of certain issues that are causing you to eat when you're not hungry. Or maybe you need to start making more quality food choices and eating meals that are more filling with fewer calories. If you can't control yourself or eat sensibly using your appetite as a tool, then you have a whole different set of problems.

You can get leaner and maintain a lower weight without pulling out your phone before every meal, but to do this you need to improve your food preferences and trust your appetite. If you're counting macronutrients and weighing out mountains of ice cream to maintain a perfectly average-looking body, realize that you can achieve the same results without the neurosis required to control every crumb you shove in your mouth.

2 - Clean eating

What it's all about:

A way of eating that emphasizes "natural" and unprocessed foods and includes fewer processed products and less refined sugar.

Why it's not optimal:

Even trying to eat clean can lead to obsessive thinking, and if you're eliminating one food after another from your diet without really knowing why, your efforts are doomed to fail. Not to mention that the oversimplified rhetoric of "eat only what's natural" is nonsense.

Many processed foods are packed with nutrients and can help dieters reach their goals, while many "natural" foods can sabotage your fat loss efforts if you eat too much of them. Quality lean breakfast meats, for example, are high in protein and make an excellent sandwich topping, despite being a processed food. Fish is another good example. You would have to eat several pounds of fatty fish to get the benefits of a few "processed" fish oil capsules. Protein powders and workout supplements are other examples of processed foods that can increase muscle growth, fat loss, performance and recovery.

And then there's this "if you can't pronounce it" bullshit that says you shouldn't eat something if you can't pronounce one of the ingredients. Or this "If your grandmother doesn't know it, you shouldn't eat it." But healthy and beneficial foods often have fancy names and your fluency shouldn't affect your diet. If your grandmother lived during the post-war era, she probably didn't concern herself with advanced nutrition, but simply ate what was available.

Not only do we have the ability to choose from what is available, but we can also manipulate those choices depending on our specific goals. An example: citrulline malate, which protects muscles from fatigue and helps them recover faster from an intense workout. If you didn't use it because your grandmother didn't know it, then the developments of this century would probably pass you by.

Nuts, on the other hand, are one of those unprocessed foods that people who want to eat clean really like to eat and often eat too much of. And even though nuts are very healthy in reasonable amounts, eating too much of them will not have a positive effect on your body composition. The same goes for all those natural organic sweeteners, butter from grass-fed cattle, fruit juices, dried fruits, etc.

How you can do better:

Appreciating food quality is great, but not keeping track of the calories and macronutrients your food contains is a surefire way to sabotage yourself. If you're consuming 5,000 or more "unprocessed" kcal per day, find a smarter way to satisfy your appetite.

Monitor your food intake for a while to develop a general awareness of your total calorie intake and macronutrient intake. This does not mean becoming more obsessive. It means taking advice from a nutrition calculator and eating for your goals.

If you find it easy to choose foods with high nutrient density, then you are already one step ahead. Now you should be more strategic about deciding which foods will support your performance and body composition and which will turn into a disappointing calorie bomb after just a few bites.

3 - Paleo

What it's about:

This is a way of eating clean, but avoiding anything that comes from agriculture. No rice, no oatmeal and no other grain products. There are varying degrees of strictness, ranging from no dairy to a more relaxed approach that only bans processed foods and grains.

Why it's not ideal:

This approach is primarily detrimental if you're an exerciser who regularly works out at the gym and uses high-intensity exercise. Convinced Paleo followers even have a term for people like us: "chronic exercisers." - as if regular workouts were a disease. (Are people who love books chronic readers?) You can make any behavior sound bad by calling it chronic.

But this categorization simply means that their way of eating is not optimal for people who want to build impressive muscles and a high performance body. In fact, those who train hard and follow a Paleo diet often can't recover fast enough to train regularly. Nor can they satisfy their appetite for fast-digesting, carbohydrate-rich foods using a Paleo nutritional approach. Many of them will therefore have cheat days packed with non-Paleo junk food, trapping them in a cycle of hardcore Paleo days followed by fast food binges.

The second reason that the Paleo approach can be suboptimal is that, just like "clean eating", there are numerous Paleo foods that are very high in calories and therefore easy to overeat - bacon, nuts, butter, dried fruit and coconut oil are just a few of these. And if these are eaten in excess, they will make fat loss impossible.

How you can do better:

People who work out with weights occasionally need a spike in insulin levels to reach their performance goals. A coconut and kale smoothie won't do the trick. But because insulin is portrayed as "the hormone that makes you fat," dieters try to avoid it at all costs, while simultaneously encouraging the development of their Paleo-approved man boobs.

If you're a "chronic exerciser," here's what you should do:

  1. First, make peace with select processed foods and supplements that serve your purposes (increased performance, satiety, anabolism, and energy). Keep in mind that foods that satiate your appetite are very different from foods that satiate the appetite of the average American who doesn't train as hard or as often as you do.
  2. Next, try swapping out some of your higher fat foods for starchy carbohydrates. Beans, oatmeal, rice and potatoes are examples of satiating foods that are nutrient dense and the lectins won't kill you. if you're worried about binding to the vitamins and minerals in your diet and preventing you from absorbing those nutrients, relax, because you're probably taking in more than enough nutrients. Whatever bindings should come about will not be enough to put you in a vitamin or mineral deficit. Eating enough carbohydrates to replenish your glycogen stores and give you energy to perform will likely reduce your desire to have one or more cheat days every weekend.
  3. Become aware of the portion sizes of things that are the most calorie dense. Hint: they are usually very high in fat like coconut oil, bacon, butter, nuts, cream, etc. - these are the things that will sabotage your fat loss efforts if you eat too much of them. And trust me, if you feel a craving for carbohydrates and override that appetite, you will be tempted to eat too much high fat calorie bombs.

So which diet is best?

How about a diet based on common sense? In a perfect world, you would eat the right amounts of delicious yet beneficial (or at least not bad) foods and use your appetite to work out when and how much you should eat. You would enjoy your meals and be as lean, fit and athletic as you want to be.

The problem is that our food preferences and eating habits have gotten out of control, which is why it's hard for most people to use common sense when it comes to nutrition. The excessive palatability of the standard Western diet has led us to develop some really bad eating habits. And dieting has become the antidote.

There is nothing inherently wrong with this. Diet comes from the Greek word diata, which simply means daily or lifestyle. So trying out a new lifestyle to improve your appetite and your health is a good thing - if you learn something from it. Dieting should make you a smarter eater - if it doesn't, then you're doing it wrong because you're not learning anything.

They say you have to learn the rules to know how to break them. So if you're dieting and you're no longer seeing results, then you should start thinking about which parts of the diet you can keep and which you should get rid of. Don't be anti-diet, but don't become a diet fanatic either. Don't lose your head. Follow the rules first. Give them an honest chance. Read a damn book on how to do it right.

There are people who use diets that have been molded by headlines and hearsay. They are the ones who make a half-hearted effort to follow the rules without knowing why. Then when they fail, they claim that dieting doesn't work. Don't become one of these people.

The most important thing to realize is that very detailed dietary guidelines are a poor cure for underlying problems such as binge eating. And if you are a binge eater, don't start dieting in the first place. Instead, keep a food diary to increase your awareness of what you eat, why you eat and when you eat. Take care of this first.

Almost every diet involves something useful (apart from a few exceptions, like the HCG diet or everything celebrities do). Use what you learn and use it for the long term.

By Dani Shugart | 12/29/15

Source: https://www.t-nation.com/diet-fat-loss/problem-with-your-stupid-diet

Continue reading
Fruit, vegetables and the trend towards year-round availability
thumb

I recently moved from a subtropical climate to a place known for its winter sports, so you would expect that the food available would have changed significantly, right? Well, surprisingly, that hasn't really been the case. Thanks to advances in science and transportation, I can still plan a dinner party with papaya shrimp cocktails as an appetizer, grilled lamb with asparagus and butternut squash as a main course, and a coconut apricot cake for dessert - no matter what time of year and no matter what hemisphere I'm in.

Think for a moment about where all the ingredients for this feast come from - and I don't mean the supermarket shelves, but the original source. Imagine that you had to gather and hunt for all these ingredients yourself. From a geographical point of view, shrimps, papayas and coconuts can be found in one climate zone, but it will be hard to find a lamb grazing under a coconut tree in the tropics. You wouldn't find asparagus, apricots or butternut squash here either, so we would have to travel to more temperate climates for these foods. And from a seasonal perspective, we would have to arrive in spring for the asparagus, late summer for the apricots and winter for the butternut squash. The dinner party just got a little complicated!

But back to reality and the fact that our supermarket shelves are filled with just about every food our taste buds could desire. We have developed extremely ingenious ways to ensure that these foods are ripe when we want them. But if you think about it rationally, even before our food became so globalized, we had almost everything we needed (well, maybe not always what your taste buds are craving). On the subtropical beach we had protein in the form of shrimp, carbohydrates in the form of papayas and fat from coconuts. Further inland, we would nourish our bodies during a cold winter with the fat and protein of lamb and carbohydrates from sources such as butternut squash.

Of course, the globalization of the food industry also has a few advantages - we can buy whatever we want, whenever we want it. From a nutritional perspective, this diversity means a variety of different vitamins and nutrients are available to us. But there are also a few potential drawbacks that raise the question of whether it might not make more sense to eat seasonally.

First of all, the variety of options can tempt us to eat too much - especially when it comes to carbohydrates. Fruit and vegetables are generally seen as healthy options, which they certainly are in reasonable quantities, but it's also possible to eat too much of something good.

In nature, you will rarely find such an abundance of carbohydrate sources lined up next to each other as in a modern supermarket. If you live in the tropics, you'll have tropical fruits like papayas, mangoes and bananas, and of course cane sugar to satisfy your sweet tooth, plus plantains and a few root vegetables for your starch intake. But if you live in a harsh, cold climate, your carbohydrates will probably come more in the form of root vegetables such as carrots, parsnips, turnips and potatoes. The only fruits that are available during the warmer seasons are things like apples, pears and strawberries.

Today, we can have all these fruits and all these starchy vegetables all year round and still assume we're eating healthy because we're not eating carbs in the form of donuts and other baked goods. But even though we may think we're eating healthy, the wide variety makes it possible for us to eat too many carbs.

But it's not just the variety that can lead to overeating. I think we've all had the experience of eating something that was sold as a banana and looked like a banana, but in reality was nothing more than a tasteless, banana-like substance. Something I would call a banana-like product that was obviously developed for human consumption.

This is just one example of how foods that are produced out of season often don't measure up to their naturally grown counterparts. They've been treated with a bunch of chemicals and grown in artificial conditions and then "frozen" for weeks or months for transportation, so by the time you get to the supermarket they've finally been chemically ripened.

It makes sense that such a banana will not taste the same as a banana that has ripened naturally under the hot Brazilian sun. The whole experience of eating one of these banana-like products doesn't satisfy me and I want something else. The logical next step is to grab some of the strawberries you bought today and if they are a little sour, you can always try one of the nectarines. Before you know it, you've consumed three or more portions of fruit when all you really wanted was a real banana.

But where should you start if you want to eat what's in season?

There are plenty of resources online that will show you what produce is in season in which region, but the easiest way to start without spending hours researching is to simply go to your local farmers market. Most of the produce you'll find here is locally sourced and therefore in season. It's worth a try - your waistline and taste buds will thank you.

By Megan Clements

Source: https://breakingmuscle.com/fuel/how-fruits-veggies-and-a-lack-of-seasons-contribute-to-overeating

Continue reading

You might also like this View all

Are foam rollers still worth it?
Are foam rollers still worth it?
Why small active breaks make sense in an office job
Why small active breaks make sense in an office job
What does the body need saturated fatty acids for?
What does the body need saturated fatty acids for?