Econazole

Econazole is a synthetic antifungal agent from the group of the imidazoles, which was developed in the 1970s. It is one of the classic active substances against fungal infections and is applied – in the form of creams, sprays, or vaginal suppositories – mainly locally. Econazole is particularly effective against mycoses of the skin and mucous membranes that are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Because of its broad spectrum of activity, Econazole is used above all in dermatology and gynecology. It is regarded as a proven remedy against athlete's foot, cutaneous candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor, and vaginal fungal infections.

What benefits does Econazole offer for health?

The benefits of Econazole are based on its antifungal and partly antibacterial action. The most important benefits include:

  • Broad spectrum of activity: Effective against dermatophytes (e.g. Trichophyton rubum) and yeasts (Candida albicans)(1).
  • Application for infections of the skin and mucous membranes: Particularly suitable for superficial mycoses such as athlete's foot, skin fungus, or vaginal candidiasis.
  • Additional antibacterial action: Econazole also shows an inhibitory action against certain gram-positive bacteria, which allows mixed infections to be treated better (2,3).

How does Econazole work in the body?

Econazole intervenes in the ergosterol biosynthesis of fungi. Ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal membrane. Through the inhibition of the enzyme 14-α-demethylase, the formation of ergosterol is disturbed, the membrane structure is damaged, and the cell is ultimately killed or inhibited in its growth (4).

Are there risks or side effects?

  • Local reactions: Redness, burning, itching, or skin irritations can occur with external application.
  • Rarely systemic effects: Since Econazole acts predominantly locally and is only slightly absorbed, systemic side effects occur only rarely.
  • Allergic reactions: In individual cases, hypersensitivity reactions can occur.

Conclusion

Econazole is a proven and broadly effective antifungal agent that is used above all locally against mycoses of the skin and mucous membranes. Through its additional antibacterial action it is particularly useful in mixed infections. Thanks to its good local tolerability and low systemic burden, it has been established for decades as a fixed component of antifungal therapy.

Sources:

  1. Samein, Laith Hamza. (2017). Clinical Evaluation of a Formulated Econazol Nitrate as A Topical Solution. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512). 15. 63-67. 10.31351/vol15iss1pp63-67.
  2. Kates, S. G., Myung, K. B., McGinley, K. J., & Leyden, J. J. (1990). The antibacterial efficacy of econazole nitrate in interdigital toe web infections. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 22(4), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(90)70076-t
  3. Zhao, W.-S., Mei, Y.-N., Wen, Y., Liu, G.-Y., Chen, Y.-H., & Zhao, B. (2004). In vitro antibacterial activity of econazole nitrate against staphylococci. Chinese Journal of Antibiotics, 29(9), 684–686.
  4. Zhang, A. Y., Camp, W. L., & Elewski, B. E. (2007). Advances in topical and systemic antifungals. Dermatologic Clinics, 25(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2007.01.002